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Prompted by concerns about racial profiling, U.S. Reps. Jamie Raskin, D-Md., and Judy Chu, D-Calif., last week sent the National Institutes of Health and the Federal Bureau of Investigation two letters about the agencies’ investigations into scientists with ties to China.

Cases of intellectual property theft and conflicts of interest have made headlines in recent years. There is also growing concern that innocent people, particularly those from China and those of Chinese descent, are being unfairly targeted by federal investigators.

Raskin and Chu requested the following documents and information in to NIH Director Francis S. Collins on Thursday:

1. Copies of letters that the asking them to be vigilant and a list of all recipients since August 2018.
2. Descriptions of the 180 cases referred by the NIH to the Department of Health and Human Services’ Office of the Inspector General, including race/ethnicity and national origin of those under investigation, their institutions, whether the NIH or the FBI initiated the investigations, the status of the investigations and the outcomes of completed investigations.
3. Copies of guidelines provided by the NIH to grantees about disclosures — such as the names and affiliations of foreign collaborators, foreign income and foreign awards.
4. Copies of correspondence between the NIH and the FBI about investigations of people of Chinese descent.

In , addressed to FBI Director Christopher Wray, Raskin and Chu brought up several examples of Chinese-American scientists being wrongfully accused by the FBI and described the repercussions they suffered, such as losing their jobs, incurring significant legal fees and losing research funding.

Raskin and Chu pointed to news reports that the FBI has been . They noted that university officials have complained that the FBI briefings have been “.”

They asked the agency to provide the following:

1. Descriptions of investigations and prosecutions involving theft or attempted theft of intellectual property (including demographic information, types of cases and actions taken).
2. Correspondence with academic institutions related to monitoring Chinese researchers.
3. Correspondence with the NIH about researchers of Chinese descent.
4. Documents relating to the agency’s .
5. All counterintelligence training materials related to people of Chinese descent.

Numerous cases of intellectual property theft and research-integrity violations since 2013 have involved members of the international scientific research community, including conflicts of interest and disclosure violations. All confirmed cases of research violation and intellectual property theft related to foreign influence have been a part of a larger, coordinated effort on the part of China, in particular China’s .

In , a researcher downloaded thousands of files from one of the Department of Energy’s national labs and took them to China. In others, researchers did not disclose relationships (financial or otherwise) with Chinese research institutions or the Chinese government and used data from U.S. federally funded research to file patents in China.

In response, the NIH has expanded its integrity and oversight procedures to investigate foreign influence on extramural research. The agency has been with the Department of Justice, Department of Homeland Security and other nonfederal organizations to conduct these investigations.

While uncovering scientific espionage is vital to protect the American research enterprise and ensure the longevity of international collaboration, many Chinese-Americans and others of Chinese descent based on their race. Furthermore, the research enterprise depends on .

Transparent reporting requirements and guidance from federal funding agencies are needed to contend with academic dishonesty and espionage. However, though the FBI and NIH should investigate allegations of research-integrity violations, intellectual property theft and academic espionage, no single demographic should be targeted.